Highlights of Association Activity, FY 2023
GHSA's Annual Report highlights the Association's accomplishments for the 2023 Fiscal Year (July 1, 2022 – June 30, 2023).
Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programs allow young drivers to safely gain driving experience before obtaining full driving privileges. Most programs include three stages:
During the 1990s, many states began enacting GDL laws. The programs and types of restrictions vary from state to state. Below are some highlights:
NOTE: GHSA does not compile any additional data on GDL laws other than what is presented here. For more information, consult the appropriate State Highway Safety Office.
Sources: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) and State Highway Safety Offices.
Laws last reviewed by SHSOs in March 2023.
50 (10)
16
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
No more than 1 under 18
16 years, 6 months
15
10 days
16 years, 9 months
15 / 6
6
30 (10)
16
Midnight - 5 a.m.
No more than 1
15
6
50 (10); 0 with driver's ed.
16
10 p.m. - 5 a.m.
First 6 months: no passengers under 20 Second 6 months: no more than one passenger under 20
17 years
18 years
15 15 / 6 without driver's ed.
6
50 (10)
16
1 a.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
First 6 months: no passengers under 20 Remainder: no more than 3 passengers under 20 (secondary enforcement)
18 years
15 / 6
9
45 (15)
16 / 3
Midnight - 4 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
First 12 months: no more than 1 under 21 (secondary enforcement) Thereafter: no more than 3 under 21 under certain conditions (secondary enforcement)
None
None
16
None
None
None
None
16 years, 6 months
15
12
40 (10)
16
No restriction
First 3 months: no passengers Second 3 months: no passengers except family (secondary enforcement
16
Midnight - 5 a.m.
First 6 months: no passengers (secondary enforcement)
Nighttime driving: 17 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months
15
18
40 (10)
18 years
15
6
30 (10)
16
Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
No more than 1 under 21 (secondary enforcement)
6
50 (10)
16
11 p.m. - 6 a.m.
No more than 1
17 years
15
16 years
14
275* days (or 180 days after passing driver's ed.)
*effective July 1, 2021
50 (10 at night and 10 in inclement weather)*
*effective July 1, 2021
14 + minimum of 6 months
10 p.m. - 6 a.m. (exemption for going directly to or from school event, work or church event and driving agricultural machinery)*
*effective July 1, 2021
No passengers outside of household for first 6 months; 1 passenger outside of household after 6 months.*
*effective July 1, 2021
16 years, 6 months
15
6
40 (10)
15 / 6
EST: 6 p.m. - 6 a.m. EDT: 8 p.m. - 6 a.m.
No more than 2 under 21 unless to/from school
17 years, 6 months
16
6
50 (10)
16 / 6
1 a.m. - 5 a.m.
First 12 months: no more than 1 under 21
17 years with driver's ed. and 12 months free of crash or conviction 18 without driver's ed.
16
6
65 (10) + 5 in inclement weather
16 / 6
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18 Thereafter: no more than 3 under 18
Midnight - 5 a.m.
First 6 months: no passengers under 20 Second 6 months: No more than 3 passengers under 20
17 years
15
6
50; 100 without driver's ed.
16
16 years, 6 months with driver's ed. 17 years without driver's ed.
15 / 6 with driver's ed; 15 without driver's ed
6
50 (10)
16
10 p.m. - 5 a.m.
No more than 1
50 (10)
16
Age 16: Midnight - 6 a.m. Age 17: 1 a.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
First 12 months, no more than 1 unless supervised
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 17 years
15 / 6
6
16
15 / 6
None
None
n/a
n/a
n/a
14
12 for drivers under 16; otherwise, 6 months or until age 18 (whichever comes first)
50 for drivers under 16; otherwise none
16; 15 for a parent-requested restricted license (restricted license may only operate a vehicle owned by their parents or legal guardian and may not drive a car with more passengers than the vehicle's manufacturer recommends)
Sunset or 9 p.m. (whichever is later) - 5 a.m.
No restriction (other than vehicle manufacturer recommendations)
16 years
16 years, 6 months
15
6
60 (10) during Learner Stage 2 (6) during Intermediate Stage
16
9 p.m. - 5 a.m.
No more than 1 under 21; if passenger under 21 is family, no other non-family passengers under 21
17 years with driver's ed. 18 years without driver's ed.
16
6
50 (15)
16 / 6
9 p.m. - 5 a.m. except NYC (unsupervised driving prohibited at all times) and Long Island (limited daytime unsupervised allowed)
No more than 1 under 21
No more than 1 under 21
16 years, 6 months
15
6
50 (10)
15 / 6
Midnight - 5 a.m.
18 years
16
6
None
17
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
No more than 1 (exception limited to drivers' dependents)
16
1 a.m. - 4 a.m.
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 25
Nighttime driving: 17 years, 1 month Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months
15 / 6
None
40 (10)
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months
15 / 6
6
50 (10); 100 (10) if driver's ed not offered within 30 miles
16
10 p.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
First 6 months: no passengers under 18 (secondary enforcement)
6
50 (10); 0 with driver's ed.
16
Midnight - 6 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 19 (secondary enforcement)
Nighttime driving: 17 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months
15
16 years
14 / 6
6
50 (10)
15
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18 Second 6 months: no more than 3 under 18
18 years
15
6
40 (10)
16
1 a.m. - 5 a.m.
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 19 Thereafter: no more than 3 under 19
18 years
15
12
None
16
Sun-Thurs: 10 p.m. - 6 a.m. Fri-Sat: 11:30 p.m. - 6 a.m.
None
Nighttime driving: 16 years, 6 months Driving with passengers: 17
15
6
50 (15) or 40 (15) if parent completes 90 minute class
16
Midnight - 5 a.m.
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 20 Second 6 months: no more than 3 under 20
10 p.m. - 5 a.m.
No more than 1 under 21
17 years
14 / 9
6
50 (10)
16
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 17 years
16
6
40; 30 with advanced driver training
16 / 6
12:30 a.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement 12:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. and 4 a.m. - 5 a.m.)
First 6 months: no passengers under 18
60 (10)
16 / 6
Midnight - 5 a.m.
First 5 months: no passengers under 18 (secondary enforcement)
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 11 months
15 / 9
9
16 years
15
6
70 (10)
16
Midnight - 5 a.m.
First 270 days: no passengers
15
6
50 (15)
16
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
No more than 1 under 21 between 6 p.m. - 5 a.m.
17 years
17 years
16
6
60 (10)
16 / 6
Midnight - 6 a.m.
No more than 1 under 20 unless supervised by instructor (secondary enforcement)
16 years, 6 months
14
12
50 (10)
16 (at 15, can drive without supervision to and from work or school)
First 6 months: 9 p.m. - 5 a.m.
First 6 months: no more than 1 non-sibling
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18, parents may waive
17 years
14
12
20 (2) during Learner Stage 10 (2) during Intermediate Stage
16
12:30 a.m. - 5 a.m.
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 9 months with drivers ed.; 17 years, 3 months without driver's ed.
15 with driver's ed. 16 without driver's ed.
6
50 (10)
16 / 3 with driver's ed. 16 / 9 without driver's ed.
First 180 days: 10 p.m. - 5 a.m. After 180 days: 11 p.m. - 5 a.m. (Sun-Thurs); 1 a.m. - 5 a.m. (Fri-Sat)
First 180 days: no passengers
16
Sun-Thurs: 10 p.m. - 6 a.m Fri-Sat: 11 p.m. - 6 a.m.
First 12 months: no more than 1 under 20
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 17 years
15
9
50 (10)
Nighttime driving: 16 Driving with passengers: 15 years, 6 months
14 / 6
6
50 (10)
15
10 p.m. - 5 a.m.
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 17
6
50 (10)
16
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
No more than 1 under 18
17 years
15 / 6
No data
16
No data
No data
18 years
15
12
40 (6); 0 with behind the wheel training
16
Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
First 6 months: no passengers Second 6 months: no more than 1 passenger under 21 Thereafter: No more than 3 passengers (secondary enforcement)
16
Age 16: 11 p.m. - 6 a.m. Age 17: 1 a.m. - 5 a.m.
None
18 years
15
12
50 (10)
18 years
16
6
40 (10 in intermediate stage)
16 / 6
September through June: 11 p.m. - 6 a.m. (Sun-Thurs); Midnight - 6 a.m. (Fri-Sat) July through August: midnight - 6 a.m.
First 6 months: no passengers Thereafter: No more than 2 passengers under 21
6
50 (10)
16 / 6
10 p.m. - 6 a.m.
No more than 1 (law also includes a seat belt provision: if a teen driver w/ permit or their passenger <18 is found unbelted, the permit holder's license suspended for 2 months)
17 years
16
Nighttime Driving: 18 Driving with Passengers: 17 years, 4 months
16
4 with driver's ed 6 without driver's ed
40
16 / 4
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
First 6 months: no passengers except parents or instructor Second 6 months: no passengers except parents, instructor or immediate family
17 years
15 with driver's ed 15 / 6 with driver awareness program 16 without driver's ed. or program
12
50 (10)
16
Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
First 6 months: no passengers Second 6 months: no more than one passenger (secondary enforcement)
17 years
15 / 6
6
50 (10)
16
11 p.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
First 12 months: no passengers under 20 (secondary enforcement) unless accompanied by parent, guardian or other adult 25 years or older
18 years
14
6
None
16
11 p.m. - 4 a.m.
No more than 1 under 21
Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18 (secondary enforcement)
16 years, 6 months
15 / 6
6
30 (10); 20 (6) with defensive driving course; 0 with driver's ed.
16
16 years, 6 months
14
6
40 (10)
16
1 a.m. - 5 a.m.
First 6 months: no passengers under 21
50; 0 with driver's ed.
16
Midnight - 6 a.m.
No more than 1
17
15
6
GHSA's Annual Report highlights the Association's accomplishments for the 2023 Fiscal Year (July 1, 2022 – June 30, 2023).
GHSA and Ford Motor Company Fund are celebrating a 20-year partnership dedicated to youth traffic safety by awarding grants totaling $94,000 to four states to advance access to safe mobility for teens in underserved and socioeconomically disadvantaged communities.
GHSA and Ford Motor Company Fund are celebrating a 20-year partnership dedicated to youth traffic safety by awarding grants totaling $94,000 to four states to advance access to safe mobility for teens in underserved and socioeconomically disadvantaged communities.
On Thursday, the Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA) and the Ford Motor Company Fund announced they will award $94,000 in grants to four states, including New York, to educate teen drivers on roadway safety, with an emphasis on underserved and economically disadvantaged communities.
Ahead of the summer driving season, a time where out-on-break teens have plenty of time to drive, a helpful, hands-on clinic returns to Georgia. The Ford Driving Skills for Life program sets up on the property at Atlanta Motor Speedway on Saturday, April 1st and Sunday, April 2nd.
To complement their e-scooter pilot, the National Road Safety Foundation & GHSA awarded grant funding to the Governor's Traffic Safety Committee to conduct a multilingual education & outreach program promoting safety on scooters, skateboards & other micromobility devices by recruiting teen interns.
The National Road Safety Foundation and GHSA awarded grant funding to the Connecticut Highway Safety Office (CT HSO) to support the Watch for Me CT project by promoting safe youth mobility by training teen ambassadors to educate their peers at community-based events.
The Tennessee Highway Safety Office was awarded a grant from Ford Driving Skills for Life & GHSA to educate and promote safe teen driving behavior through a series of in-person events in conjunction with SADD, Alliance Marketing & State Farm to connect schools with teen traffic safety activities.
To improve teen driver education programs, the Utah Highway Safety Office (UHSO) was awarded grant funding by Ford Driving Skills for Life and GHSA to address the dangers and consequences of speeding through pre-driver education initiatives.
As vehicle crashes remain the leading cause of death for teen drivers, the Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning (OHSP) was provided a grant from Ford Driving Skill for Life and GHSA to develop a state-specific Teen Driver Parental Toolkit focused on teens and speeding.